{"id":37,"date":"2019-07-12T18:37:30","date_gmt":"2019-07-12T18:37:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/?p=37"},"modified":"2021-01-15T11:31:39","modified_gmt":"2021-01-15T11:31:39","slug":"a-biographical-sketch-of-felix-david","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/a-biographical-sketch-of-felix-david\/","title":{"rendered":"A&nbsp;Virtual&nbsp;Scrapbook"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"mb-2\"><em>Felix David, 1909\u20131938, brother.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"acknowledgments\">The reseach of Doris Neu, on behalf of Stuttgart\u2019s Stolpersteininitiative Fildervororte, pointed the way to Olaf Wittenberg\u2019s perceptive article, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/jewish-man-recognized-for-life-saving-rescue\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cDrittes Reich: Ausgezeichnete Lebensrettung durch einen Juden\u201d<\/a> in Militaria, 29. Jahrgang, Heft 5, September\/Oktober 2006, which in turn opened the door to this further research.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/FelixSelmaMartha.jpg\" alt=\"Selma David, Felix David and Martha Freund Hirschberg\"><figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Selma and Felix David with their aunt Martha&nbsp;Freund&nbsp;Hirschberg. <span class=\"photocredit\">Photo courtesy of Evelyn&nbsp;Beckman and Debbie&nbsp;Beckman&nbsp;Bloch.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span class=\"smallcaps\">The tragedy of Felix David<\/span> is one that we will never fully understand. He was certainly aware of the urgency of his family\u2019s situation\u2014he taught at schools that explicitly prepared students for new lives abroad. He had, for years, been an active participant in the Zionist youth movement, yet given the opportunity to leave Germany to join family in Palestine, he did not go. Felix was gifted and, we may suppose, ambitious. He wrote articles, gave lectures and participated in civic organizations. He was a responsible educator, who showed courage and quick-wittedness when he saved the life of a drowning woman. Why a young man of 29, two days after the pogrom of November 1938, simply gave up, not only on his own account, but on that of his wife and two very young sons, remains an enigma. Our only witness in Stuttgart at the time was shocked and appalled. Today we can hardly do more than speculate and assemble a virtual scrapbook of his press clippings and the cold police report of his family\u2019s demise.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"subtitle text-center\">Childhood and Youth<\/h4>\n<figure class=\"figureFull max600\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/withFraulein.jpg\" alt=\"Ismar, Selma and Felix David with their beloved fr\u00e4ulein.\"><figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">Ismar, Selma and Felix David with&nbsp;their&nbsp;beloved&nbsp;fr\u00e4ulein.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">Felix David was born on February 15, 1909 in Breslau, the first of three children, to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/benzion-wolff-david\/\">Benzion Wolff David<\/a>, an insurance agent, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/a-short-biography-of-rosa-david\/\">Rosa Freund David<\/a>, a teacher. His mother\u2019s family was prosperous and prominent. Uncle Benno owned a stocking factory and was a member of the Kultuskommission I, one of two administrative bodies within Breslau\u2019s Jewish community. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/ismar-freund\/\">Uncle Ismar<\/a> was a jurist and author, member of the board of the Berlin Jewish Community and a co-founder of Prussian State Association of Jewish Communities; Uncle Samuel, a prominent rabbi in Hannover. Family history tells us that Felix was good-looking and \u201can absolute mathematical genius.\u201d<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--expands-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"1\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-1\">1<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-1\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"1\">According to niece Hannah&nbsp;Wende.<\/span> He excelled in K\u00f6nig Wilhelm Gymnasium, the alma mater of physicist and mathematician Max Born, who graduated in 1901. (The secular school was generally known for its equitable treatment of Jewish students.)<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--expands-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"2\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-2\">2<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-2\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"2\">Garz, Detlef &amp; Gesine Janssen\u2002p. 35 <em>\u00dcber den Mangel an Charakter des deutschen Volkes.<\/em><\/span> In the normal course of events, we may expect that he graduated in 1927 and must have then gone on to an institution of higher learning, but we don\u2019t, as yet, know where.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"text-center\">1930<\/h4>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">On March 16, 1930, the Jewish community in Breslau dedicated a new <a alt=\"Breslauer J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt, April, 1930.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/Bgblatt1930apr.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">youth home<\/a>, of which it was justifiably proud. The project had been a challenging undertaking, but the result was a modern, light-filled building with library, assembly room, darkroom, club rooms, central heating and garden plus living accommodations for eleven youths on the third floor. The young <a alt=\"Mitteilung des Reichsausschusses der J\u00fcdischen Jugendverb\u00e4nde, June, 1930.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/reichsausschuss1930jun.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">manager of the facility,<\/a> Felix David, had recently relocated from Cologne. In his own short address in Breslau\u2019s community newspaper, Felix <a alt=\"Breslauer J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt, April, 1930.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/Bgblatt1930apr_2.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">noted<\/a> the success the center enjoyed right from the outset and that he was available for consultation on Tuesday and Thursday evenings. Various reports make it clear, however, that the \u201csoul\u201d<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--expands-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"3\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-3\">3<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-3\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"3\">Breslauer J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt, April, 1930, Nr. 4, p.56.<\/span> of the center was its director and founder, Paula Ollendorff, teacher, social activist and first woman in Germany to become a town councilor. During his time at the youth home, Felix held meetings of the National Jewish Youth Circle <a alt=\"J\u00fcdische Zeitung f\u00fcr Ostdeutschland, December 5, 1930.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/JZ5Dez1930.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">(1)<\/a> <a alt=\"J\u00fcdische Zeitung f\u00fcr Ostdeutschland, December 12, 1930.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/JZ12Dez1930.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">(2)<\/a> and <a alt=\"J\u00fcdische Zeitung f\u00fcr Ostdeutschland, December 31, 1930.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/JZ31Dez1930.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"> supported<\/a> the Keren Kayemet Le-Israel, the Jewish National Fund, giving 6 DM himself. He was just 21 years old.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"text-center\">1931<\/h4>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">In the February issue of the community newspaper, the synagogue board posted an <a alt=\"Breslauer Gemeindeblatt, February 1932.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gBlattBreslauFeb1931.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">announcement<\/a> that it was looking for an unmarried manager for its youth home to begin on April 1. The Bar Kochba Sports Club addressed what the <em>J\u00fcdische Zeitung f\u00fcr Ostdeutschland<\/em> called the \u201cDavid case\u201d in its general meeting on February 25 and the assembly unanimously <a alt=\"J\u00fcdische Zeitung f\u00fcr Ostdeutschland, March 6, 1931.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/jZeitungOst1931mar6.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">passed<\/a> a resolution protesting Felix David&#8217;s dismissal. They noted that the synagogue board has fired him although he had won the trust of the youth at the home and although the committe responsible for his position had refused to approve his removal. The resolution went on to commend Felix&#8217;s merits and his ability to build an uplifting educational program from the many poliltical-philosophical streams of Jewish youth groups.<\/p>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">Felix soldiered on. On Sunday evening, February 14, in a meeting of the National Jewish Youth Ring, he <a alt=\"J\u00fcdische Zeitung f\u00fcr Ostdeutschland, February 13, 1931.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/jZeitungOst1931feb13.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">gave<\/a> a talk on the topic: \u201cZionism and Messianism.\u201d On March 23, despite a boycott by a few groups on the left, more than sixty youths gathered to hear a talk by a proponent of Revisionist Zionism (a more right wing movement, seeking to revise Herzl&#8217;s practical Zionism, by focussing on statehood). Felix was there representing the German Misrachi (orthodox religious) Zionist point of view, but he was also described as a \u201cfriend of Poale Zionism\u201d (Marxist socialist Zionism). Just as he had done at the youth home, he <a alt=\"J\u00fcdische Zeitung f\u00fcr Ostdeutschland, March 27, 1931.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/jZeitungOst1931mar27.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">demonstrated<\/a> his ability to work with competing Zionist ideologies. The speakers were well received and the evening ended at 1 in the morning with applause for all involved. During a youth semimar from April 11-19, Felix <a alt=\"Supplement, J\u00fcdische Zeitung f\u00fcr Ostdeutschland, April 17, 1931.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/beilageOst1931apr17.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">delivered<\/a> an address on \u201cThe Non-Zionistic Solutions to the Jewish Question.\u201d<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"text-center\">1932-33<\/h4>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">Notwithstanding the unexplained action of the Breslau community board, the Ollendorffs must have liked what they saw, because Felix <a alt=\"Breslauer Gemeindeblatt, February 1932.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblattKoeln14okt1932.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">led<\/a> classes, alongside Paula Ollendorff\u2019s son, Fritz, at the newly-founded Jewish Youth School in Cologne, slated to open in October 1932. The leadership at the school sought to provide Jewish students with the \u201clanguage, literature and history\u201d that was their inheritance and to keep costs affordable for anyone who wanted to attend. Felix\u2019s classes included: \u201cIntroduction to the Culture of Ancient Israel, illustrated by selection from the <em>Book of Judges<\/em>\u201d and \u201cThe Genesis of Christianity (with regard to Modern Liturature).\u201d He may also have been the housemaster of the school.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"text-center\">1934<\/h4>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">In 1934, Felix was a probationary teacher in Beuthen, now Bytom in Poland, a city with a large Jewish community, an imposing synagogue and a municipal Jewish primary school. On March 13, the local Zionist group hosted a presentation by senior teacher, Dr. Goldstein-Gleiwitz. She spoke movingly of the anguish of Jewish children having their skulls measured in biology classes, as well as suffering numerous other indignities and neglect in non-Jewish schools. Felix <a alt=\"J\u00fcdischer Zeitung, March 23, 1934.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/JZ23Mar34.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">took part<\/a> in the general discussion that followed, in which all participants agreed to the urgency of founding of a Jewish middle school in Beuthen.<\/p>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">Under the auspices of the Local Organization of Jewish Youth Associations, an audience of over 40 people heard Felix <a alt=\"J\u00fcdischer Zeitung, April 20, 1934.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/JZ20Apr1934.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">lecture<\/a> on \u201cThe Philosophy of the Bible, Job and Koheleth\u201d as well as on \u201cHalevi\u2019s <em>Book of the Kuzari<\/em> and Maimonides\u2019 <em>Guide For the Perplexed.<\/em>\u201d When a performance of <em>Jakobs Traum<\/em> concluded the winter season of events for the organization, Felix introduced the work and praised the participating groups, who had come together to present an affirmatively Jewish work, selected to express a sense of Jewish history and the comfort it could provide.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"text-center\">1935-36<\/h4>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">The Stuttgart Jewish School had been founded in March of 1934, with its new school building dedicated the following year on April 17. Architects Oskar Bloch and Ernst Guggenheimer managed, within a constrained budget and under difficult political circumstances, to erect a modern and modest (in keeping with the necessity to keep a low profile) edifice. The community rejoiced in having a relatively safe haven for their children and teachers made every effort to create an environment that was free of the existential anxiety then present in every Jewish home.<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--expands-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"4\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-4\">4<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-4\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"4\">Zelzer, Maria p. 176 Weg und Schicksal der Stuttgarter Juden. Ein Gedenkbuch, 1964.<\/span> The school administration was keenly aware of its responsibilities in response to National Socialist policies and stressed learning English, Spanish and modern Hebrew, as well as the general curriculum of Wurttemberg. The school, like Stuttgart\u2019s <em>J\u00fcdisches Lehrhaus,<\/em> taught manual skills, too, reflecting the conviction that intellect in a new culture was not marketable and one had better be prepared to work with one\u2019s hands.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"figure rightWrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/derIsraelit1934nov1.jpg\" alt=\"Der Israelit, November 1, 1934.\"><figcaption class=\"figure-caption float-lg-right\">Der Israelit, November 1, 1934. Advertisement for a teacher\u2014only first class applicants with the best references will be considered. Those capable of teaching manual skills, drawing, athletics, singing, nature studies and French language are desired.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">Exactly when Felix started teaching at the Jewish School in Stuttgart is a little nebulous. According to Maria Zelzer,<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--expands-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"5\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-5\">5<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-5\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"5\">Zelzer, Maria p. 522 .ibid.<\/span> Felix was a staff member in April 1935, however he gave a <a alt=\"Central Verein Zeitung, January 24, 1935.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/CVZ1935jan24.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">talk<\/a> (\u201cWhat Do the Current Times Demand of Jewish Parents?\u201d) in Gleiwitz on January 26 and <a alt=\"J\u00fcdische Allgemeine Zeitung, Berlin, July 24, 1935.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/juedAllgZeit24Jul1935.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">spoke<\/a> at a week-long conference for leaders of Jewish youth groups there in July. (His topic was \u201cHow Do We Promote Jewish History in the [Youth] Leagues?,\u201d in which he used Biblical examples and critically examined the books used to teach history.) At a cultural event on November 24, again in Gleiwitz, \u201cFelix David, Beuthen\u201d <a alt=\"J\u00fcdische Rundschau, December 13, 1935.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/jRundschau1935dec13.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">gave<\/a> a talk entitled, \u201cOur Current Situation and Nevertheless&#8230;Cultural Zionism\u201d and the <em>Judische Zeitung<\/em> continued to identify him as probationary teacher, when on Feb 17, 1936, he <a alt=\"J\u00fcdische Zeitung, February 21, 1936.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/JZ121Feb1936.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">gave<\/a> a lecture, again for the Local Zionist Group. (The talk was on Leo Pinsker. Felix compared Pinsker\u2019s ideology to Ahad Ha\u2019am and Theodor Herzl and discussed the spiritual construction of Chibbath Zion philosophy and the concept of political Zionism.) The credit for his <a alt=\"Felix David\u2019s article in the J\u00fcdische Schulzeitung,June 1936.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/vorschlaege.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">article,<\/a> <em>Suggestions on the Selection and Distribution of Materials in Jewish History Classes<\/em>, appearing in the <em>J\u00fcdische Schulzeitung,<\/em> June 1936, still placed him in Beuthen. (This article is a stark expression of Felix\u2019s Zionism. He criticizes the handling of Jewish history in schools, which he sees as colored by a desire for assimilation and a rejection of the idea of a Jewish national culture. He posits that the Bible should not just be mined for religious fables for young children, but, more importantly, utilized for older children as a basis for history lessons and for instilling Palestine&#8217;s crucial place in Jewish life both in the past and the present.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">In any case, Felix was in Beuthen on August 30, 1935, when he married Ruth Rosenzweig. Ruth was born in Cologne on July 7, 1911, two years after her brother Kurt Ascher. Like Felix&#8217;s brother, Ismar, she had strabismus in one eye. She had attended a Protestant private school and a home economics school before she began a course in nursing, which she had been due to complete in the spring of 1934. However, in 1933, she emigrated to Palestine with her parents Siegmund and Martha, born Philippi, and presumably her brother. Ruth worked in a hospital as an unlicensed nurse until she left Palestine and returned to Germany in order to marry Felix David. According to her brother-in-law, she was completely dominated by her husband.<\/p>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">Although Felix\u2019s name does not appear in the <a alt=\"Entry in Stuttgart Adressbuch, 1937.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/stuttgartAdressbuch1937.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">Stuttgart Telephone Book<\/a> until 1937, a police report tells us he was certainly a teacher residing in Stuttgart, when he saved a woman from drowning (!) on June 23, 1936. As Felix told the police inspector:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"ideaBlock\"><p>I was at the public swimming area on June 23rd and happened to walk across from the stadium pool to the Neckar, just to check that none of our students was swimming in the river.<br \/>\nAs I walked along the lower bank, I suddenly saw a woman in the water, awkwardly trying to swim on her back and apparently talking to herself. When, just then, she went under, I realized that the woman was drowning. I called to two rowers, who were lounging in their boat on the opposite bank, just in case, and went into the water. I swam to where the woman had gone under and just then come up again. As I came close to her, she tried to grab on to me. I pushed her away and shouted that she should turn on her back. I immediately succeeded in approaching her from behind and was able to pull her to the riverbank, using a rear rescue carry. In the meantime, the two rowers had arrived in their boat and helped me to carry the woman up the stairs.<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--expands-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"6\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-6\">6<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-6\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"6\">Felix David in a report about the rescue. Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart (HstA S): Best. E 151\/01, B\u00fc 2830.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The <em>Stuttgarter Neues Tagblatt<\/em> cited the event on the same day<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--expands-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"7\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-7\">7<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-7\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"7\">According to <em>Der Schild<\/em>, July 3, 1936.<\/span> and, in the days that followed, a few Jewish newspapers picked up the story. <a alt=\"Juedisches Gemeindeblatt fuer Beuthen Gleiwitz, Hindenburg, July 27, 1936.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/beuthenGblatt1936jul27.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">(1)<\/a><a alt=\"Der Israelit, July 2, 1936.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/israelit1936july2.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">(2)<\/a><a alt=\"Der Schild, July 3, 1936.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/schild1936jul3.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">(3)<\/a><a alt=\"J\u00fcdische Allgemeine Zeitung, July 8, 1936.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/jAllgemeineZeitung1936jul8.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">(4)<\/a><a alt=\"J\u00fcdische Rundschau, July 7, 1936.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/jRundschau1936jul7.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">(5)<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">Stuttgart seems to have been a perfect fit for Felix, who continued his involvement in Zionist groups and also taught at the Jewish Sports School. (He was a good swimmer and had taken life-saving courses during his student days.)<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--expands-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"8\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-8\">8<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-8\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"8\">Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart (HstA S): Best. E 151\/01, B\u00fc 2830.<\/span> In October, the <em>J\u00fcdischer Schulzeitung<\/em> published a <a alt=\"J\u00fcdische Schulzeitung, October 1, 1936.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/schulzeitung1936oct1.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"> response<\/a> to the article by Felix. Dr. Lotte Barschak in Berlin decried the orthodoxy of a purely Biblical and biographical Jewish history curriculum and advocated for one that showed the relationship between Jewish and non-Jewish culture. From December 9-11, 1936, he <a alt=\"Gemeindeblatt der Israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Leipzig, Jan 8, 1937.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblattLeipzip8Jan1937.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">took part<\/a> in two sports education courses at the othropaedic-gymnastic institute run by Alice Bloch (wife of architect Oscar Bloch).<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"text-center\">1937<\/h4>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">At the Regular General Meeting of Local Zionist Group on March 24, 1937, a new executive council was elected. As part of its supporting committee, Felix <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, April 16, 1937.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1937apr16.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">was responsible<\/a> for culture and education. In the May issue of the community newspaper, he <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, May 2, 1937.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1937may2.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">appealed <\/a>to parents to send their children to community youth groups where crafts, reading, games and hiking, love of nature and a sense of community were offered. Felix outlined the advantages and necessity of organized youth groups in those dark times, when parents could hardly have the buoyancy of spirit to play with their children. He invited parents to meet the teachers and promised that children would not be indoctrinated politically in any way. He described the youthful optimism of the teachers and their desire to help children make their way in the Jewish world.<\/p>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">From June 17-20, Felix <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, July 16, 1937.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1937jul16.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">led<\/a> Bible studies at a 3-day seminar of the Zionist District Association of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, held in Haigerloch, about 70 km away from his home and arranged the celebration after the Sabbath. At a school sporting event on July 28, he <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, August 16, 1937.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1937aug16.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">guided<\/a> the small children with a sure hand.<\/p>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">A son, Benzion Wolf, was born to Ruth and Felix David on August 31.<\/p>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">In the October 16th meeting of the Friends of the Jewish School, Felix was <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, November 1, 1937.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1937nov1_2.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">elected<\/a> to the school committee. The next day, he <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, November 1, 1937.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1937nov1.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">spoke <\/a> at a farewell event for first chairman of the Hakoah Sports Club, Ernst Freudenheim. Around this time, too, Felix <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, November 1, 1937.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1937nov1_3.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">began <\/a> teaching a course at the <em>Lehrhaus<\/em> about the report of the Royal Commission on Palestine, headed by Lord Peel. When he <a alt=\"J\u00fcdische Rundschau, October 26, 1937.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/jRundschau1937oct26_2.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">spoke<\/a> to Local Zionist Group in Stuttgart about \u201cPalestine&#8217;s Economy in Crisis\u2014a report from a trip to Palestine\u201d on November 1, it seems likely that he was referring to his own trip to Palestine, which his brother Ismar, who had been living in Jerusalem since 1932, recalled. The trip must have lent resonance to his talk at a showing of <em>Weg in die Wirklichkeit<\/em>, (The Path to Reality), as well as another film, <em>Brit Hanoar,<\/em> on November 24. <em>Weg in die Wirklichkeit<\/em>, by Ernst Mayer, dealt with the acheivements of a religious kibbutz in Eretz Israel and Felix <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, December 16, 1937.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1937dec16_1.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">received<\/a> hearty applause for his enthusiastic description of the Bachad, an orthodox-Zionist-socialist youth movement and its synthesis of \u201c[religious] law, work and Eretz Israel.\u201d At the Hakoah Sports Club Hannukah party on December 4, he <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, December 16, 1937.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1937dec16_2.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">galvanized<\/a> the audience with his words about the living symbol of the menorah and the fighting spirit of the Maccabees. For the Hanukkah festivities at school, Felix <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, December 16, 1937.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1937dec16_3.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">adapted <\/a>the midrashic tale of the fox and the wolf for young students in a way both playful and inspiring. At a plenary meeting of the Jewish Directors Office, he <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, January 1, 1938.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1938jan1.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">gave<\/a> a report about the continuation of the ninth class.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"text-center\">1938<\/h4>\n<figure class=\"figure leftWrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1938jan16_1.jpg\" alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, January 16, 1938.\"><figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, January 16, 1938. Announcement including presentation of <span class=\"roman\">Stimmungsbilder aus Pal\u00e4stina<\/span> by Felix David.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">Felix continued his involvement with the orthodox-Zionist youth movement. <em>Zion,<\/em> the monthly newsletter of the Central Office of Independent Misrachi National Organization of Germany, <a alt=\"Zion, January 1938.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/zion1938jan.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">noted<\/a> his appearances in connection with <em>Weg in die Wirklichkeit.<\/em> It seems probable that Felix used his own photos for the basis of a talk, \u201cAtmospheric Pictures from a Trip to Palestine,\u201d that Felix <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, January 16, 1938.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1938jan16_2.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">presented<\/a> to the Women&#8217;s Association for Palestine Work on January 27, 1938. At a community meeting on February 2, Felix again <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, February 16, 1938.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1938feb16.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">spoke <\/a>about changes to 9th class and the emphasis on preparation for emmigration. In G\u00f6ppingen, he once more <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, April 15, 1938.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1938apr15.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">provided<\/a> context for <em>Weg in die Wirklichkeit<\/em> and <em>Brit Hanoar,<\/em> discussing the current status of the Palestine question and the achievements and goals of the Misrachi. The films were well recieved by an audience in Heilbronn, too, where Felix <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, May 2, 1938.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1938may2.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">spoke<\/a> about the goals of the Misrachi. In late spring, the directors of the school held an evening lecture, entitled, \u201cThe Purpose of Hebrew in the Upbringing of a Jewish Child,\u201d a topic initiated by the community newspaper. All the speakers recognized the social, moral and cultural value of teaching the Hebrew language in school. The only disagreement was its necessity in comparison with the normal curriculum. Felix <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, June 1, 1938.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1938jun1.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">took part<\/a> in the discussion that followed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">The Davids\u2019 second son, <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, July 1, 1938.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1938jul1.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">Yizchak Gideon,<\/a> was born on June 11. Almost immediately, the elated parents <a alt=\"J\u00fcdische Rundschau, Jun 14, 1938.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/jRundschau1938jun14.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">placed<\/a> an announcement in the <em>J\u00fcdische Rundschau.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure class=\"figure leftWrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1938sept16.jpg\" alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, September 16, 1938.\"><figcaption class=\"figure-caption\">J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, September 16, 1938. Felix spoke at a showing of the sound film <span class=\"roman\">Der Neue Weg,<\/span> (The New Way).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">On September 21, Felix <a alt=\"J\u00fcdisches Gemeindeblatt W\u00fcrttemberg, October 2, 1938.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/gblatt1938oct2.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-afLBIAg8\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\">spoke<\/a> to young people at an afternoon showing of the film <em>Der Neue Weg<\/em> (The New Path) from the Keren Kayemet, the Jewish National Fund, and thanked the speaker at the evening showing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">Felix was making 400 RM a year at the Jewish School plus an additional 50-75 RM from his teaching at the Sports School.<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--expands-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"9\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-9\">9<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-9\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"9\">EA 99-001 B\u00fc 164, Erhebungsbogen zur Dokumentation der Judenschicksale 1933-45, Landesarchiv Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg.<\/span> Despite the pleas of Ruth\u2019s parents and the efforts of his brother, the couple had remained in Germany. What happened next, is almost unfathomable. Edith Goldschmidt, wife of the director of the Jewish School in Stuttgart and a teacher there herself, describes the events in her autobiography. On the day following the start of the pogrom, her husband had not returned home, as usual, for lunch.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"ideaBlock \"><p>Hours went by, until finally a younger colleague, Mr. David, who belonged to the orthodox community, came to me at about 4 o\u2019clock. He told me what had happened that morning in the school. All the male teachers had been taken by the SS to a concentration camp. The camp was in Baden. He had not been in the school only by chance. Had I heard nothing about the synagogue and cemetery destruction? Now, he wanted to say goodbye.<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--expands-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"10\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-10\">10<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-10\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"10\">Goldschmidt, Maria. Drei Leben: Autobiographie einer deutschen J\u00fcdin, Stadt Steinfurt, 1992, 41.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Edith Goldschmidt goes on to write that female teachers had also been at the school and that most had already prepared to leave Germany.<\/p>\n<p class=\"indentpara\">The terror unleashed by the pogrom in the night of November 9 was apparently too much for Felix and Ruth to bear. Edith Goldsmith goes on to describe what happened after Felix left her.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"ideaBlock\"><p>I was so stunned from what I had just heard, that I just couldn\u2019t really comprehend why he said goodbye so emphatically. His wife had had her second baby a month ago, and I knew that he had his travel permit for Australia in his pocket. Unfortunately, he had to leave me alone now, my colleague said to me, his wife was waiting for him. Everything looks worse than it is, one must not lose courage. Platitudes that he tried to use to hide what was really going on in his mind. He left. And two hours later, he and his wife and the two small children were found dead in their beds. He had poisoned his family and himself to escape the fate of the concentration camps\u2014with a travel permit in his pocket. He was orthodox, observed all the religious laws down to the smallest detail, but his belief in God wasn\u2019t enough to go from here to there. He was one of the most gifted mathematicians I have ever met. He could have saved himself and his family with a minimum of genuine piety, as we saved ourselves with God\u2019s help, but in these hours of terrible fear and uncertainty, murder and suicide were easier than trusting in God.<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--expands-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"11\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-11\">11<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-11\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"11\">Ibid., 41.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The police report states that Felix and his family were found in their apartment, dead from gas poisoning, at 8 a.m. on Saturday, November 12, two days after Edith Goldschmidt\u2019s husband and others had been seized. (Emil Goldschmidt was released 14 days later.) Ms. Goldschmidt attended the services for the David family.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"ideaBlock\"><p>I went to the funeral of these first tragic victims of the demoralization, which now was growing rapidly. They were given an honorable burial in the Jewish Cemetery, but I will never forget the admonitory address the rabbi gave to his troubled congregation with regard to the dead.<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote modern-footnotes-footnote--expands-on-desktop \" data-mfn=\"12\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-12\">12<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-00000000000004fe0000000000000000_37-12\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"12\">Ibid., 41.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure class=\"figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-content\/uploads\/felix\/stolpersteins.jpg\" alt=\"Stolpersteines in Stuttgart, Germany\"><figcaption class=\"figure-caption text-right\">Stolpersteins for Felix and Ruth Rosenzweig David, and their sons Benzion (Benjamin) and Gideon on Reutlinger Stra\u00dfe in Degerloch, Stuttgart, Germany<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"sources pb-0\"><strong>SOURCES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"sources mt-0 pt-0\"><strong>Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Goethe Universit\u00e4t, Frankfurt am Main:<\/strong> Der Israelit Frankfurt am Main; J\u00fcdische Schulzeitung Mannheim; Gemeindeblatt der Israelitischen Gemeinde Frankfurt am Main; Zion: Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Lehre, Volk, Land Berlin; Gemeindeblatt der Israelitischen Religionsgemeinde zu Leipzig: Amtliches Nachrichtenblatt der Gemeindeverwaltung, Leipzig; Central-Verein-Yeitung: Bl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Deutschtum und Judentum; C-V-Zeitung; Organ des Central-Vereins Deutscher Staatsb\u00fcrger J\u00fcdischen Glaubens, Berlin; Gemeinde-Zeitung f\u00fcr die Israelitischen Gemeinden W\u00fcrttembergs, Stuttgart; Der Israelit : ein Centralorgan f\u00fcr das Orthodoxe Judenthum, Mainz; J\u00fcdische Rundschau : Allgemeine J\u00fcdische Zeitung, Berlin; J\u00fcdische Allgemeine Zeitung, Berlin; Mitteilungen des Reichsausschusses der J\u00fcdischen Jugendverb\u00e4nde \/ Reichsausschuss der J\u00fcdischen Jugendverb\u00e4nde; Der Schild,Berlin.<\/p>\n<p class=\"sources\"><strong>Universit\u00e4ts- und Stadtbibliothek K\u00f6ln DIgitale Sammlungen:<\/strong> Gemeindeblatt der Synagogen-Gemeinde zu K\u00f6ln am Rhein<\/p>\n<p class=\"sources\"><strong>Das Digitale Forum Mittel- und Osteurop (DiFMOE) https:\/\/www.difmoe.eu\/d\/:<\/strong> J\u00fcdische Zeitung, Breslau; J\u00fcdische Zeitung f\u00fcr Ostdeutschland, Breslau<\/p>\n<p class=\"sources\"><strong>Archive.org:<\/strong> Breslauer J\u00fcdisches Gemeindebl\u00e4tt; Informationsbl\u00e4tter, Herausgebeben von der Reichvertretung der Juden in Deutschland<\/p>\n<p class=\"sources\"><strong>Archiv.org: Picard Collection:<\/strong> Gemeindeblatt des Landesverbandes israelitischer Religionsgemeinden Hessens<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The tragedy of Felix David<\/span> is one that we will never fully understand. He was certainly aware of the urgency of his family\u2019s situation\u2014he taught at schools that explicitly prepared students for new lives abroad. He had, for years, been an active participant in the Zionist youth movement&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-d"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1924,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37\/revisions\/1924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ismardavidarchive.org\/indexofnames\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}